Jon Catling 的个人资料Jon's space日志SkyDrive 工具 帮助

日志


5月15日

almost random research

 

Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with chronic enterovirus infection of the stomach

J K S Chia, A Y Chia

EV Med Research, Lomita, California, USA
Correspondence to:
Dr John K S Chia, EV Med Research, LLC, 25332 Narbonne Ave # 170, Lomita, CA 90717, USA;
evmed@sbcglobal.net
Background and Aims: The aetiology for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains elusive although enteroviruses have been implicated as one of the causes by a number of studies. Since most CFS patients have persistent or intermittent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, the presence of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1), enterovirus (EV) RNA and culturable virus in the stomach biopsy specimens of patients with CFS was evaluated.

Methods: 165 consecutive patients with CFS underwent upper GI endoscopies and antrum biopsies. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed using EV-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) or a control mAb specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV). RT-PCR ELISA was performed on RNA extracted from paraffin sections or samples preserved in RNA later. Biopsies from normal stomach and other gastric diseases served as controls. 75 samples were cultured for EV.

Results: 135/165 (82%) biopsies stained positive for VP1 within parietal cells, whereas 7/34 (20%) of the controls stained positive (p0.001). CMV mAb failed to stain any of the biopsy specimens. Biopsies taken from six patients at the onset of the CFS/abdominal symptoms, and 2–8 years later showed positive staining in the paired specimens. EV RNA was detected in 9/24 (37%) paraffin-embedded biopsy samples; 1/21 controls had detectable EV RNA (p<0.01); 1/3 patients had detectable EV RNA from two samples taken 4 years apart; 5 patient samples showed transient growth of non-cytopathic enteroviruses.

Conclusion: Enterovirus VP1, RNA and non-cytopathic viruses were detected in the stomach biopsy specimens of CFS patients with chronic abdominal complaints. A significant subset of CFS patients may have a chronic, disseminated, non-cytolytic form of enteroviral infection, which could be diagnosed by stomach biopsy.


Go to source web page

Skeletal Muscle EV Infection

It seems likely that skeletal muscle EV infection would be less common than stomach EV infection as this organism primarily infects the gastrointestinal tract. Published studies of the prevalence of EV infection of skeletal muscle in CFS/ME [pdf] support this, some of which are positiv and some negative.In view of the link between EV infection of skeletal muscle and abnormal lactate response to exercise, it is possible that in an EV infected patient with CFS/ME, the extent of EV infection may determine severity; for example, skeletal muscle infection in addition to stomach infection.


Go to source web page

Nuchal Plane
The
external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone below the superior nuchal line, giving attachment to the muscles of the back of the neck.
Nuchal: Referring to the back of the neck (nape). For example, nuchal rigidity is a stiff neck, sometimes a symptom of meningitis.


Aseptic meningitis

Enterovirus - EV (Lab Test Information from ARUP Consult)

Aseptic meningitis (meningeal inflammation in absence of bacterial pathogen). Enteroviruses are the most common cause; Account for 80-92% of all cases.


Go to source web page

Treatment of potentially life-threatening enterovirus infections with pleconaril.

H A Rotbart, A D Webste
...12 of 16 with chronic enterovirus meningoencephalitis, were judged to have a clinical response temporally associated with pleconaril therapy. Similarly, nearly all patients whose virological responses (12 [92%] of 13), laboratory responses (14 [88%] of 16), and radiological responses (3 [60%] of 5) could be evaluated were judged to have responded favorably to a course of pleconaril treatment.


Go to source web page

Enteroviruses and sudden deafness

Ami Schattner, Doron Halperin, Dana Wolf, and Oren Zimhony


Go to source web page

Effect of 2-(α-Hydroxybenzyl)-benz-imidazole (HBB) and Guanidine on the Uncoating of Echovirus 12

Authors: Eggers, Hans J.; Waidner, Erica
Affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.
Publication: Nature, Volume 227, Issue 5261, pp. 952-953 (1970). (
Nature Homepage)
Publication Date: 08/1970
Origin:
NATURE
Abstract Copyright: (c) 1970: Nature
DOI:
10.1038/227952a0
Bibliographic Code: 1970Natur.227..952E

Abstract

2-(α-HYDROXYBENZYL)-benzimidazole (HBB) and guanidine have been shown to inhibit selectively the multiplication of picornaviruses. Both substances inhibit the appearance of a functional viral RNA polymerase, the replication of viral RNA, and the synthesis of viral coat protein. While inhibition of synthesis of viral capsids seems to be a secondary phenomenon, probably a consequence of the failure of formation of viral RNA, it is not clear whether the primary site of action of these compounds is principally the synthesis of viral RNA polymerase. As to the early steps of virus-cell interaction, it was shown that virus adsorption and penetration remain unaffected by HBB and guanidine, yet their effect on uncoating has not been determined. The period inhibitable by HBB and guanidine extends well into the exponential increase phase of the virus, thus covering the synthetic period of viral RNA polymerase and viral RNA, but it begins in the replication cycle at a time when synthesis of viral RNA polymerase and of viral RNA are not yet demonstrable.

Go to source web page


Is [virus and…] an AIDS Cure Just a Whiff of Ozone Away?

15th Nov 2002

"Early studies document that ozone effectively inactivates both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses when introduced into suspensions in water, effluent, and or cell culture media. Non-enveloped viruses, including polio virus, coxsackie virus, bacteriophage p2, canine hepatitis virus, and rotaviruses have been substantially inactivated by moderate ozone concentrations. Enveloped viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza type A, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus such as vesicular stomatitis encephalomyelitis virus have been shown to be inactivated at even lower concentrations of ozone."

Ref: 10. Roy D, Wong PKY, Englebrecht RS, Chian SK; Mechanism of
enteroviral inactivation by ozone. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:718-723, 1985.

Go to source web page


The Wolfe Clinic - Bioxy Cleanse

"...magnesium, peroxides, super-oxides and ozonides are merged into a crystal lattice matrix (similar to air bubbles trapped in ice). This formula is enhanced by the addition of a pro-oxidant vitamin C/bio-flavonoid complex providing more sustained release function creating optimal assimilation. When orally ingested, this stabilized bonding process is broken on contact with stomach acids releasing large amounts of activated oxygen. As these poly atomic gases are simultaneously dispersed, several events occur:"

[Opinion: ingested magnesium oxide, vitamin C plus bio-flavoids]

  • "The ozonides assisted by the pro-oxidant break into oxygen (02) and singlet oxygen (01). This creates hydrogen peroxide in the stomach which is carried into the intestinal tract with the stomach chyme, softening the impacted fecal matter on the intestinal wall, softening arterial plaque, and killing pathogenic microbes throughout the body.
  • Molecular oxygen is introduced into the bloodstream where oxygenation continues to purify and energize all the cells.
  • The nascent oxygen is also available as a free radical scavenger. Without the free radical oxygen (01), counterproductive free radicals cannot be effectively eliminated. The nascent oxygen combines with the toxic-free radicals. These destructive molecules accumulate due to the absence of the healthy free radical oxygen. (This imbalance has hindered the whole oxidative cycle of our aerobic bodies.)
  • As the liquefied plaques and dead pathogens move toward leaving the body, the magnesium creates a colon flushing reaction in the bowels to prevent re-absorption of the toxins.
  • The high amount of oxygen/ozonides/peroxides released can be measured with peroxide test strips and more sophisticated potassium iodide testing.
    When viruses or bacteria invade a cell and begin to replicate, all new cells are compromised; they are not perfect like the parent cells. Their cell membranes (a lipid "envelope" of protection) are structurally weakened. When ozone is introduced into the body at specific concentrations, any cell that comes into contact with the ozone is affected. The ozone breaks down into activated oxygen and water in the bloodstream and oxidizes almost everything in its path. Activated oxygen's are only attracted to weak cells because of their electric and chemical make-up and, therefore, attach only to the ones with pathogenic microbes inside them.
  • Ozone effectively oxidizes the damaged cell membrane. This releases the virus and/or bacteria into the bloodstream (now a highly oxygenated environment) where it cannot survive and where it is oxidized (metabolized)."

    Go to source web page


    Magnesium Oxide Internal Cleanser
    "Magnesium oxide has been used for over a century by Naturopathic medicine as a safe natural laxative to cleanse the entire digestive tract with oxygen. It is gentle, and non habit forming. Some say cleansing with magnesium oxide for one week is like having a colonic, plus it cleans the small intestine which a colonic does not. It is claimed to remove impacted food mater, heavy metals, and anaerobic pathogens without the pushing and scraping like herbs and psyllium. Supposedly, it is used by NASA to detoxify the digestive tracts of astronauts in preparation for outer space. Proprietary blends of magnesium oxide are found under such brands as Colozone, Oxy-Cleanse, Aerobic Mag 07, Colosan, and Homozon . The instructions for using Colozone are as follows.
    Drink one eight ounce glass of water room temperature mixed with 1 teaspoon Colozone. Immediately drink the juice of one half lemon diluted with 2 to 4 ounces water or take 1g of citric acid (vitamin C) to activate the oxygen. Take colozone on a empty stomach and wait 1.5 hours before eating. Access to a bathroom is advised after each serving. It will create a watery bowel movement which indicates it is working.
    Take Colozone first in morning and last at night for 1 week to cleanse entire digestive tract. As maintenance, you can use it one time per week. Engardehealth.com who makes colozone also has a product named "Colozone for Travelers" in powder or capsules. It is premixed with vitamin C so you do not have to use lemon juice or buy vitamin C"

    Go to source web page


    How to Ozonate Olive Oil, and Traditional Uses

    Introduction

    "Shortly after patenting his his first ozone generator, Nikola Tesla ( in 1900 ) began marketing an ozonated olive oil to medical doctors. Nikola Tesla created his ozonated oil by bubbling ozone through pure olive oil in the presence of a magnetic field for eight weeks. By 1904, ozonated olive oil, also known as Glycozone, began appearing in medical literature, such as "The Medical Uses of Hydrozone and Glycozone", 9th Edition, by New York Chemist Charles Marchland.

    Ozone, as a very reactive gas, is difficult to stabilize for long periods of time in a useable form. However, by bubbling ozone through an ozone resistant container ( such as a glass container ), the ozone gas is trapped, and begins to react with the oil.

    In essence, what is occurring is a catalytic reaction that actually burns the olive oil. One of the resultant compounds is C10H18O3, with the hydrogen and carbon complex. Some of the terpene gas remains trapped within the oil, and some is released into the environment.

    While some people may believe that fully ozonated olive oil is an ozone carrier, the oxygen is actually bound and released as a peroxide ( O-O-H bond ). Ozonated olive oil will hold actual ozone gas for a limited amount of time, but in its "free form" state.

    How should olive oil be ozonated for?

    The average time, dependant on the type of ozone generator one is using, is about 3 weeks. Once olive oil is completely ozonated, it will actually turn into a nearly clear, gel substance. The smell of ozone being emitted from the olive oil will be noticeable. The final product must be kept refrigerated at all times.

    Ozonated oil is actually created by a redox reaction. The ozone literally burns the oil, and three primary, organic peroxides are actually created throughout the entire process. In other words, the first peroxide created reacts a second time to produce a second peroxide, and then finally once again to form C10H18O3. The final process is quite noticeable as the entire substance will turn into a white foam. Once this white foam settles, ozonating any further is pointless, as the original oil is no longer present, and the compounds have been taken to a state that no longer reacts with ozone.

    According to research conducted by Hulda Clark, ozonated olive oil may be utilized anywhere from as little of 20 minutes to 12 hours of ozonation. Clark recommends the use of partially ozonated olive oil for internal use, as a part of a liver cleansing program and in order to remove PCB's from the body ( by taking 2 tablespoons of partially ozonated olive oil three times a day for 2-3 weeks ).

    Partially ozonated olive oil maintains the properties and characteristics of olive oil, prized as a fantastic skin conditioner. Since the ozone within the olive oil is still reacting, using partially ozonated olive oil may provide an additional stimulating effect on the skin, and such a formulation, if used shortly after ozonation, makes an excellent general skin conditioner.

    However, please keep in mind that partially ozonated olive oil does not compare with fully ozonated olive oil for true therapeutic purposes."

    Go to source web page


    Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

    Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a disorder of intellectual processing dysfunction with 70% of all of the information going into your brain through the eyes. Each eye has a million nerve fibres and each optic nerve works at 1000 cycles per second. You are putting two gigabytes of information into your brain every second.  With all of this visual input, your brain automatically processes it up to the level at which it is presented with a picture; this is automatic and doesn’t require processing.  If then you tend to concentrate on this picture you are said to ‘attend’ the picture. Your brain is now on a timer, normally for about ten minutes, after which the picture is disassembled and you have to concentrate to hold it in focus. At this point you have just made your illness process worse.  The more you try to concentrate the worse it gets and the more you will suffer for it.  This is something that the majority of patients will tell you is a ‘reading span of ten to fifteen minutes’ but they haven’t realised out that watching television is exactly the same process. If you watch television for more than ten or fifteen minutes, then you will make your illness worse.

    Go to source web page: Management of AOPVFS in Adults


    I will suggest that all three of these fatigue states are almost invariably associated with long standing negatively directed pre-morbid stressor factors.  In my earlier days in the mid and late eighties I believed that these illness processes especially the acute onset variety of C.F.S. were caused and perpetuated by a virus infection.  The reason for my bringing this up now is that a large number of doctors, patients and support groups believe that this is still the case.

    Go to source web page: Causes


    In ‘89 I published with others a paper entitled ‘Chronic Enterovirus Infection in Patients with Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome’ in the Lancet, January 23rd, pages 146-149 and it demonstrated very clearly that even after a number of years we could not only demonstrate the presence of bits of viral protein inside blood samples but we could even recover live infective virus from the gut of patients with this illness.  Others, around this time also, were able to demonstrate that these viral particles could be found in muscle biopsies and that physical and physiological abnormalities were demonstrable in muscle tissue.  This being the case means that there would be absolutely nothing anybody could do to help a person with C.F.S. if their illness was caused by a virus because at that time, and indeed to date, we do not have anti-viral medications which can penetrate into cells and kill a persistent virus infection of any kind.
    Go to source web page: Causes


    Research into propranolol, memory, conscience, and PTSD

    Recent research suggests that propranolol has effects in the brain with regard to emotional processing. Some experiments suggest that emotional memories are recalled and restored every time they are relived, and that propranolol inhibits the restorage of bad memories and so can be used as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is also evidence that it inhibits the storing of emotional memories in the first place, so that propranolol administered before action in battle can prevent post traumatic stress.

    Go to source web page: Propranolol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Warnings
    Do not take this drug if you are pregnant.
    Do not take this drug if planning to become pregnant.
    Do not take if you are breast-feeding.
    Do not give this drug to children.
    If over sixty there may be an increase in side effects and may lower blood pressure to a point where it becomes easy to fall after standing up.

    Do not drink alcohol,the interaction of propranolol and alcohol is dangerous.
    Do not use if: You had negative reactions to a beta-blocker in the past.
    Do not use if: You have low blood pressure, diabetes, sever allergies, asthma, chronic pulmonary disease or severe heart disease.

    Go to source web page: Propranolol ( Inderal ) data sheet


    If adrenal function is impaired

    ...the physiological balance can become disrupted. High blood potassium (hyperkalemia), low blood sodium, and hypotension, together, suggest adrenal insufficiency (4). Indeed, these are classic symptoms of Addison's disease, a chronic and progressive adrenal disease associated with adrenocortical hypo-function, including insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone (2). The early signs of Addison's disease include weakness, fatigue and orthostatic hypotension.4 Many who have Addison's disease appear healthy, but they experience acute adrenocortical insufficiency when under stress (4). This is also true in people with CFS. Could CFS be related to Addison's disease?


    Vitamin D has [many] other roles in human health

    ...including modulation of neuromuscular and immune function and reduction of inflammation. Many genes encoding proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are modulated in part by vitamin D. Many laboratory-cultured human cells have vitamin D receptors and some convert 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D [11].

    Go to source web page: Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D


    Possible Recommendations

    • D-Ribose - addresses Encephalomyelitis/supports mitochondria
    • Pleconaril - to reduce enterovirus - test status not fully known
    • Magnesium Oxide/malic acid/bio-flavoid/ozonated water - for oxidative stress and to maximise oxygen metabolism whilst cleansing the gut
    • Kefir - colonizes the intestinal tract, and contains several major strains of friendly bacteria not commonly found in yogurt – to help rebuild gut flora and ease effects from pathogen die-off
    • SCD - Specific Carbohydrate Diet "The premise of the diet is that damaged intestinal walls and bacterial overgrowth are a part of a vicious cycle that wreaks havoc with the body's health and immunity. The diet restricts the type of carbohydrates that feed these bacteria, thereby restoring the body's inner ecology"

    Note on Malic acid:
    In addition to increasing energy levels through its involvement in the Krebs cycle, malic acid is also an effective metal chelator. This means it is able to bind to potentially toxic metals that may have accumulated in the body, such as aluminium or lead, and inactivate them.
    Krebs cycle - named after Sir Hans Krebs, a German-born British biochemist.
    Krebs described how a complex series of biochemical reactions takes place within the body's cells to transform proteins, fat and carbohydrates into water and energy.

    Go to source web page: Malic Acid


    Herxheimer reaction

    The Herxheimer reaction (also known as Jarisch-Herxheimer or herx) occurs when large quantities of toxins are released into the body as bacteria (typically Spirochetal bacteria) die, due to antibiotic treatment.

    Typically the death of these bacteria and the associated release of endotoxins occurs faster than the body can remove the toxins via the natural detoxification process performed by the kidneys and liver. It is manifested by fever, chills, headache, myalgias, and exacerbation of cutaneous lesions.

    Go to source web page: Herxheimer reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Dr. Powell told interviewer: The endotoxins that bacteria put out when they are killed off helps viruses.
    Endotoxins are hibernation signals to the body, which basically tells the immune system, organ function, metabolism, etc., to turn down, go dormant, hibernate. If you have a high bacterial load, then killing off large amounts of bacteria will create lots of endotoxins which will send a big signal to your body to go dormant, which thus allows the viruses to grow stronger (assuming you are not doing anything to address viruses).


    "Big moves on the ribose front for fibromyalgia/CFS"

    D-Ribose on youtube: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=cejImoaaOac

    http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=85ERoaXQxOw

    Antiviral possibilities: Arbidol, [flu] Ampligen, [flu/CFS] Pleconaril [enterovirus]


    Activity of Pleconaril against enteroviruses.

    Pevear DC, Tull TM, Seipel ME, Groarke JM. ViroPharma Incorporated, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA. dpevear@viropharma.com

    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 Sep;43(9):2109-15

    The activity of Pleconaril in cell culture against prototypic enterovirus strains and 215 clinical isolates of the most commonly isolated enterovirus serotypes was examined. The latter viruses were isolated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the 1970s and 1980s from clinically ill subjects. Pleconaril at a concentration of </=0.03 microM inhibited the replication of 50% of all clinical isolates tested. Ninety percent of the isolates were inhibited at a drug concentration of </=0.18 microM. The most sensitive serotype, echovirus serotype 11, was also the most prevalent enterovirus in the United States from 1970 to 1983. Pleconaril was further tested for oral activity in three animal models of lethal enterovirus infection: coxsackievirus serotype A9 infection in suckling mice, coxsackievirus serotype A21 strain Kenny infection in weanling mice, and coxsackievirus serotype B3 strain M infection in adult mice. Treatment with Pleconaril increased the survival rate in all three models for both prophylactic and therapeutic dosing regimens. Moreover, Pleconaril dramatically reduced virus levels in target tissues of coxsackievirus serotype B3 strain M-infected animals. Pleconaril represents a promising new drug candidate for potential use in the treatment of human enteroviral infections.

    Go to source web page: Meningitis (Viral) - Abstracts : Online Reference For Health Concerns


    D-Ribose


    ... is an essential pentose (5-carbon) sugar utilized by the body to synthesize DNA, RNA and produce energy. (Ribose is a “sugar” distinct from glucose. It does not raise blood sugar levels or lead to diabetes.)

    D-Ribose is a fundamental building block of adenosine triphosphate (ATP – the substance in which the body stores intracellular energy), the preferential source of energy for skeletal muscle and heart tissue. Studies have shown that ribose supplementation may enhance cardiac energy levels and support cardiovascular metabolism.

    Further studies suggest that ribose may play a role in supporting energy recovery after exercise. Exercise increases free radical production in muscle tissue. Ribose may strengthen and support the body’s crucial antioxidant defenses.

    Research suggests that optimal heart function requires a consistent supply of essential cofactor nutrients including CoQ10, D-ribose, L-carnitine and Magnesium.

    Supports normal heart function

    Studies suggest that ribose supplementation may increase the tolerability of the cardiovascular system to exercise-induced fatigue. In one study, twenty men underwent treadmill exercise tests on two consecutive days to confirm the onset of fatigue secondary to exercise. The participants were then randomized to the treatment group or a placebo group. The groups received either four doses of 15 grams of D-ribose (60 grams/day total) or the same amount of placebo each day. After three days of treatment, another treadmill test was performed. The time it took to reach the specified level of fatigue was significantly greater in the ribose group than in the placebo group.

    Another study investigated the ability of ribose to support healthy heart function and quality of life. In a randomized, crossover design study, fifteen individuals were given 5 grams three times a day of either D-ribose or placebo. Each treatment period lasted three weeks. In patients receiving ribose, echocardiography demonstrated enhancement of heart function, reflecting a “more efficient relaxation phase of the heart”. Participants also had a significant improvement in their subjective quality of life scores compared to placebo.

    Scientists suggest that suboptimal heart function is a result of the heart requiring more energy to function properly. Ribose supports the heart’s enhanced energy requirements, promoting optimal heart function. It does so by enhancing the stores of high-energy phosphates in heart tissue. These intermediates are necessary for the production and resynthesis of ATP.

    Supports the body’s crucial antioxidant defenses

    Ribose may support the body’s innate antioxidant mechanisms while promoting an antioxidant effect of its own. Intense exercise and other strenuous activity can induce the production of free radicals. Preliminary studies suggest that ribose can attenuate some of the effects of oxidation seen after performance of intensive exercise.

    One small human study indicated that ribose administered at a dose of seven grams before and after a bout of cycling exercise may reduce free radical production. Seven volunteers ingested either ribose or placebo both before and after intense exercise. Markers of lipid peroxidation, including malondialdehyde, significantly decreased in the ribose-supplemented group, while increasing in the control group. The results of this study indicate a possible effect of ribose in supporting antioxidant activity.

    Go to source web page: 'Doctors Best D-Ribose' - a UK supplier


    Reverse TherapyTM

    Reverse therapy is an educational process which teaches people how to eliminate symptoms by understanding and acting on 'the message of the symptom' – what Bodymind is trying to 'say' through the symptoms in order to warn, guide and protect the individual.

    Reverse Therapy is based on the research carried out by Dr John Eaton since 1996 on the relationship between mind and body, and between the emotions, the brain, the nervous system and the immune system.

    Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia are triggered by the Hypothalamus overworking the Pituitary and Adrenal Glands, This is why Reverse Therapists refer to these conditions as 'HPA Disorder' – referring to the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis.

    The reason the Hypothalamus does this is based on a conflict between Bodymind (working mostly through the Emotional Brain, or Limbic system) and Headmind (working through the thinking centres in the Frontal cortex). Bodymind notices that the person is emotionally vulnerable in some way and sends emotions of various kinds to signal that action is required.

    This could involve taking more time out for oneself, saying 'No' to unreasonable demands, speaking up about personal needs, or doing more things to boost enjoyment and confidence.

    But when Headmind interferes with this natural cycle by coming up with worries, predictions of disaster, or thinking that attention to emotional needs is 'bad' or 'selfish' then the person becomes trapped. Bodymind notices that the person is in danger of emotional overload and so it uses the Hypothalamus to switch on an alarm response that produces the symptoms.

    But then Headmind notices that symptoms are getting worse so it triggers an Anxiety response that leads the person to conclude that there is nothing they can do about the symptoms. But this only leads Bodymind to turn up the symptoms in order to signal that action is now urgently overdue....

    Reverse Therapy reverses symptoms by:

    • Getting the person to see that Headmind is keeping them trapped in Anxiety and Illness

    • Raising the client's awareness of Bodymind and re-connecting to their emotional needs

    • Understanding and acting on 'the message of the symptom'

    • Engaging in activities that boost confidence and happiness

    • Keeping a record of situations in which symptoms increase so that further work can be carried out on protecting the client in those situation.

    Go to source web page: Reverse Therapy™


    Cellular memory

    Cellular memory is the hypothesis that such things as memories, habits, interests, and tastes may somehow be stored in all the cells of human bodies, i.e. not only in the brain.

    The suggestion arose following a number of organ transplants in which the recipient was reported to have developed new habits or memories. An article, "Changes in Heart Transplant Recipients That Parallel the Personalities of Their Donors", published in the Spring 2002 issue of the Journal of Near-Death Studies, reported stories of organ recipients who "inherited" a love for classical music, a change of sexual orientation, changes in diet and vocabulary, and, in one case an identification of the donor's murderer.

    Go to source web page: Cellular memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


    The experimental study of the anti-enterovirus effects of drugs in vitro

    Author: Luo,-R; Dong,-Y; Fang,-F

    Citation: Zhonghua-Shi-Yan-He-Lin-Chuang-Bing-Du-Xue-Za-Zhi. 2001 Jun; 15(2): 135-8

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To screen the safe and effective anti-enterovirus drugs for clinical application. METHODS: The cytotoxicity of Ribavirin, Shuanghuanglian and Garlic were evaluated through MTT colorimetry and cell morphology. The antiviral activity of Ribavirin, Shuanghuanglian and Garlic were studied in HEL and Vero cells infected with CBV3 and ECHO11 by observing cytopathic effect (CPE), MTT colorimetry and plaque-reduction assay. The antiviral activity of these three drugs were compared and that of Shuanghuanglian and Garlic were also compared before and after ECHO11 absorbing by plaque-reduction assay. RESULTS: (1) The cytotoxicity of these three drugs were expressed as TC50(50% toxic concentration). TC50 of Ribavirin was 2 mg/ml, of Shuanghuanglian 5 mg/ml, of Garlic 12.5 micrograms/ml. (2) Ribavirin could inhibit CBV3 and ECHO11 at the concentration ranged from 1 mg/ml to 1.5 mg/ml. Shuanghuanglian could inhibit CBV3 and ECHO11 at the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and the viral inhibiting effect was concentration-dependent. Garlic could inhibit CBV3 and ECHO11 at the concentration ranged from 2.5 micrograms/ml to 7.5 micrograms/ml and 5 micrograms/ml was the most effective. (3) Plaque-reduction assay was used to test the anti-virus (CBV3 and ECHO11) activity of these three drugs: plaque reduction rate of 1.5 mg/ml Ribavirin was 43.2% and 37.2%, of 2.5 mg/ml Shuanghuanglian was 81.1% and 88.4% and of 5 micrograms/ml Garlic was 66.2% and 77.4% respectively. The plaque reduction rate of Ribavirin was lower than the other two drugs (P < 0.05), between these two showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The anti-ECHO11 activity of Shuanghuanglian before ECHO11 adsorbing was higher than after ECHO11 adsorbing (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the plaque reduction rates of Garlic before and after ECHO11 adsorbin. CONCLUSION: All of the three drugs have anti-virus activity in vitro while Shuanghuanglian and Garlic are more effective. Among these three drugs, the cytotoxicity of Shuanghuanglian is the most weak and the anti-virus activity is the strongest. The antiviral activity of Shuanghuanglian adding before virus adsorbing was higher, so it seems that Shuanghuanglian can prevent EV infection.

    Go to source web page: [The experimental study of the anti-enterovirus effects of drugs in vitro]



    Lyrica (pregabalin)0000@918_s[1]

    prescription only

    Main Use Epilepsy
    Active Ingredient Pregabalin.
    Manufacturer Pfizer

    How does it work?
    Lyrica capsules contain the active ingredient pregabalin, which is a medicine that is mainly used to treat epilepsy. It works by stabilising electrical activity in the brain.
    The brain and nerves are made up of many nerve cells that communicate with each other through electrical signals. These signals must be carefully regulated for the brain and nerves to function properly. When abnormally rapid and repetitive electrical signals are released in the brain, the brain becomes over-stimulated and normal function is disturbed. This can result in seizures or fits.
    Pregabalin prevents epileptic fits by preventing the excessive electrical activity in the brain. It does this by mimicking the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA.
    Neurotransmitters are natural body chemicals that are stored in nerve cells. They are involved in transmitting messages between the nerve cells. GABA is a neurotransmitter that acts as a natural 'nerve calming' agent. It helps keep the nerve activity in the brain in balance. Pregabalin is structurally similar to GABA and so is thought to mimick its action. This helps calm the nerve activity in the brain.
    Pregabalin is used as an add-on treatment for adults whose epilepsy has not been well controlled by other anti-epileptic medicines. It is used to prevent partial seizures, and partial seizures that spread to secondary generalised seizures.
    As pregabalin stabilises electrical nerve activity, it can also be used to treat pain that occurs a result of damage to or a disturbance in the function of nerves (neuropathic pain). It can be used for peripheral neuropathic pain, ie nerve pain in the hands, legs or feet, or central neuropathic pain, eg as a result of a spinal cord injury.
    Pregabalin can also used to treat generalised anxiety disorder.
    What is it used for?

    Warning!

    • This medicine might make you feel dizzy or sleepy and so may reduce your ability to drive or operate machinery safely. Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how this medicine affects you and you are sure it won't affect your performance.
    • This medicine may increase the effects of alcohol.
    • You should not stop taking this medicine suddenly unless your doctor tells you otherwise, as this may result in your seizures, nerve pain or anxiety returning or getting worse. If it is decided that you should stop taking this medicine, the dose should usually be reduced gradually over at least a week. Follow the instructions given by your doctor.
    • Some people have experienced withdrawal symptoms after stopping treatment (long-term or short-term) with this medicine. These have included insomnia, headache, nausea, diarrhoea, flu syndrome, nervousness, depression, pain, sweating and dizziness.

    Use with caution in

    • Elderly people.
    • Decreased kidney function.
    • Severe heart failure.
    • Diabetes (people with diabetes who gain weight during treatment may need an alteration in their dose of blood sugar lowering medicine).

    Not to be used in

    • Breastfeeding.
    • Rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption (Lyrica capsules contain lactose).
    • This medicine is not recommended for children and adolescents under 18 years of age, because the manufacturer has not studied its safety and efficacy in this age group.

    This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.
    If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
    Pregnancy and breastfeeding
    Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.

    • The safety of this medicine during pregnancy has not been established. It should not be used during pregnancy unless your doctor considers that the benefits to the mother clearly outweigh any potential risks to the developing foetus. Women who could get pregnant should use an effective method of contraception to avoid pregnancy while taking this medicine. Seek medical advice from your doctor.
    • It is not known if this medicine passes into breast milk. For this reason, breastfeeding is not recommended while taking this medicine. Seek medical advice from your doctor.

    Label warnings

    • Warning. May cause drowsiness. If affected do not drive or operate machinery.
    • Do not stop taking this medicine except on your doctor's advice.

    Side effects
    Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Just because a side effect is stated here does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.

    • Dizziness.
    • Sleepiness, fatigue.
    • Increased appetite and weight gain.
    • Confusion.
    • Mood changes such as elevated or depressed mood, irritability.
    • Memory impairment.
    • Attention disturbance.
    • Sexual problems such as decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction (impotence), inability to orgasm.
    • Changes in sensation such as pins and needles (paraesthesia) or numbness (hypoaesthesia).
    • Shaky movements and unsteady walk (ataxia).
    • Tremor, abnormal coordination.
    • Visual disturbances such as blurred vision, double vision, difficulty seeing fine detail.
    • Excessive fluid retention in the body tissues, resulting in swelling (oedema).
    • Disturbances of the gut such as constipation, vomiting, flatulence, abdominal swelling, acid reflux, increased salivation.
    • Dry mouth, nose or eyes.
    • Restlessness.
    • Abnormal dreams, hallucinations.
    • Increased heart rate.
    • Hot flushes, sweating.
    • Shortness of breath.

    The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the drug's manufacturer.
    For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.
    How can this medicine affect other medicines?
    It is recommended that people who are taking any antiepileptic medicines should avoid taking the herbal remedy St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). This is because St John's wort may affect the level of antiepileptic medicines in the blood and could increase the risk of seizures.
    This medicine is not known to interact significantly with other medicines. However, if it makes you feel sleepy or dizzy, this effect is likely to be increased if you take it in combination with other medicines that can cause drowsiness, for example:


     

  •